Monday 6 March 2017

RUU 355 : Satu Kajian Kes

Kedamaian Untuk Semua,

Baru-baru ini rakyat Malaysia berdemonstrasi lagi. 

Kali ini kerana menyatakan sokongan mereka untuk tertakluk di bawah satu Undang-Undang lama yang mahu diberi nafas baru dari segi kuasa menghukum mahkamah terhadap beberapa kesalahan jenayah.

Akibat daripada itu, masyarakat kita berbalah lagi.

Satu kumpulan menyokong Rang Undang-Undang ini. Sementara, lagi satu kumpulan menolak untuk tertakluk di bawah Undang-Undang tersebut.

Dan seperti biasa, kita gagal berhujah dengan waras.

Banyak saya baca laporan berita samada di akhbar arus perdana atau portal internet yang setakat menghambur gelaran di antara kedua-dua kumpulan yang berbalah tanpa memberi hujah yang bernas.

Kita menjadi emosi.

Sedangkan, perkara yang mahu kita putuskan itu adalah amat penting untuk masa hadapan kita dan anak cucu kita, generasi hadapan.

Yang menyokong langkah ini, memanggil kumpulan bertentangan sebagai liberal, sesat, menolak hukum Allah dan sebagainya.

Sementara yang tidak menyokong, memanggil kumpulan seterunya sebagai ekstremis, religious bigot dan pelbagai gelaran lagi. 

Apa kata untuk artikel kali ini kita lihat secara ringkas landmark case yang diputuskan di negara kita mengenai Undang-Undang Islam dan Undang-Undang Sekular yang menjadi pertikaian rakyat Malaysia kini.

Definisi Undang-Undang

Secara amnya, undang-undang menurut definisi moden adalah suatu set peraturan atau norma-norma kemasyarakatan yang di amalkan oleh rakyat sesebuah negara.

Pada suatu waktu dahulu, pada zaman di mana penduduk dunia tidak mempunyai garisan sempadan negara yang teratur definisi undang-undang adalah sedikit berbeza dari definisi modennya.

Perlu diingat, di zaman lampau definisi undang-undang berkait rapat dengan konsep kewarganegaraan (citizenhood). Konsep kewarganegaraan di tempat ianya tercipta diamalkan secara "by invitation".

Ia dipraktiskan seperti bentuk sebuah Kerajaan Tempatan sekarang sahaja.

Seseorang warganegara dipilih bukan berdasarkan tempat mereka dilahirkan, tetapi di dasarkan kepada apa yang boleh beliau secara individu tawarkan kepada negaranya (bandar - secara praktikal). 

Apabila zaman berubah, ketamadunan silih berganti, dunia melahirkan konsep negara bangsa di mana kewarganegaraan seseorang menjadi suatu yang automatik berdasarkan negara beliau dilahirkan.

Ini menjadi realiti apabila kesemua negara di dunia menggunapakai persempadanan sebagai garis jajahan takluk mereka.

Sejarah Undang-Undang Sekular

Jika dilihat daripada definisi undang-undang secara am, kita akan dapati bahawa definisi ini berbentuk menyeluruh meliputi semua jenis undang-undang dan peraturan.

Namun, aliran pemikiran manusia telah membahagi-bahagikan undang-undang kepada golongan masing-masing.

Orang-orang Yahudi melalui Kitab Perjanjian Lama mengamalkan undang-undangnya yang tersendiri.

Ianya diikuti oleh bangsa-bangsa Eropah yang mengamal aliran pemikiran yang sama dengan Kitab Perjanjian Lama orang-orang Yahudi.

Penggunaan undang-undang sebegini menjerumuskan benua Eropah ke zaman gelap kerana pengamalan undang-undang yang berdasarkan agama melahirkan individu yang bersifat "holier-than-thou".

Masing-masing mahu membuktikan diri mereka lebih suci dari yang lain. 

Impian "Syurga" menyebabkan kebanyakkan individu di Eropah merasakan diri mereka lebih layak berada di sana dari rakan mereka yang lain. 

Sudahnya, keseluruhan benua Eropah mengamal undang-undang yang bersifat kejam dengan penumpuan kepada kuasa menghukum.

Dengan ketaksuban kepada kuasa menghukum ini maka timbullah penyakit kompleksiti karakter. Kita kenali penyakit ini sebagai "Kompleksiti Ketuhanan".

Masing-masing merasakan diri merekalah yang paling dekat dengan tuhan, malah merekalah sebenarnya tuhan.

Apabila rakyat benua Eropah mulai sedar kepada kebejatan masyarakat mereka maka bermulalah revolusi kebangkitan yang kita kenali sebagai Rennaisance.

Satu per satu negara-negara Eropah memisahkan diri mereka dari Sistem Gereja.  

Mereka menubuhkan Sistem Undang-Undang yang tersendiri yang digariskan dari pengalaman dan pemikiran rakyat negara masing-masing.

Pemisahan Sistem Gereja ini dikenali sebagai Sekularisma.

Sejarah Undang-Undang Islam

Sedang benua Eropah mengalami zaman gelap yang berpanjangan. Nasib rakyat yang tinggal di Timur Tengah pula sangat berbeza.

Mereka menjadi pemangkin sains dan teknologi dunia. Bahasa mereka menjadi bahasa keilmuan yang tinggi.

Suasana ini berlaku dari abad ke-8 masihi sehingga abad ke-13 masihi dan dikenali sebagai Zaman Emas Islam.

Ia dikatakan bermula di zaman Khalifah Harun Al-Rashid dengan terbinanya sebuah Institusi yang sangat penting bernama "House of Wisdom" atau "Bayt-Al-Hikma" di Baghdad, Iraq.

Di zaman itu, sesiapa sahaja yang ingin belajar sesuatu pelajaran perlu memahami bahasa timur tengah terlebih dahulu.

Ini adalah kerana "Bayt-Al-Hikma" telah menterjemah kebanyakkan buku dalam pelbagai bahasa dunia ke dalam Bahasa Arab.

Ini termasuklah Sistem Perundangan. Ketinggian ketamadunan Zaman Emas ini terbina dari sistem perundangan yang tersendiri yang di dasarkan kepada KEADILAN yang menyeluruh.

Apa sahaja yang diamalkan oleh Benua Eropah pada waktu itu, orang Timur Tengah melakukan yang sebaliknya.

Oleh yang demikian, jika Benua Eropah  menjadi taksub agama, orang Timur Tengah adalah sebaliknya.

Image result for sarcastic maps comparing europe and middle east in regards of science and religion

Mereka mengamalkan prinsip kebebasan sebagai asas kehidupan sebagai seorang inidividu. Berikut adalah contoh bagaimana bebasnya mereka di zaman itu ;

Another reason the Islamic world flourished during this period was an early emphasis on freedom of speech, as summarized by al-Hashimi (a cousin of Caliph al-Ma’mun) in the following letter to one of the religious opponents he was attempting to convert through reason:

“Bring forward all the arguments you wish and say whatever you please and speak your mind freely. Now that you are safe and free to say whatever you please appoint some arbitrator who will impartially judge between us and lean only towards the truth and be free from the empary of passion, and that arbitrator shall be Reason, whereby God makes us responsible for our own rewards and punishments. Herein I have dealt justly with you and have given you full security and am ready to accept whatever decision Reason may give for me or against me. For “There is no compulsion in religion” (Qur’an 2:256)


Disebabkan itu, tidaklah sukar untuk kita mengagak apakah jenis Sistem Perundangan yang di amalkan di Zaman Emas tersebut.

Meskipun, ia dikenali  sebagai Sistem Perundangan Islam,  namun apakah semangatnya sama dengan bentuk yang mahu kita amalkan sekarang ?

Perundangan Islam di dasarkan kepada Al Quran, namun perlu diingat bahawa Al Quran bukanlah sebuah buku perundangan.

Sebaliknya ia adalah sebuah buku mengenai fitrah kehidupan dan hak-hak asas sebagai seorang manusia.

Jika ada pun kod perundangan ianya sangat sedikit.

Oleh yang demikian, manusia di Zaman Emas Islam memahami bahawa apa sahaja perundangan yang mereka buat ianya adalah hasil dari pemikiran dan kebijaksanaan (hikmah) mereka sahaja.

Perkara ini sangat penting untuk kita memahami kes rujukan yang akan saya bentangkan di sini.

Che Omar Che Soh lwn Pendakwaraya [1988] 2 MLJ 55

Ini adalah rayuan kes jenayah di mana si Perayu telah dikenakan hukuman mati mandatori kerana kesalahan mengedar dadah dan menyimpan senjata api.

Yang menarik di dalam kes ini ialah Peguam Perayu telah menghujahkan bahawa oleh kerana menurut Perkara 3 (1) Perlembagaan Persekutuan Malaysia, Islam adalah agama Persekutuan, oleh yang demikian, disebabkan hukuman mati mandatori kerana kesalahan mengedar dadah tidak mempunyai asas di dalam Sistem Perundangan Islam maka hukuman yang dikenakan kepada anak guam beliau adalah bertentangan dengan prinsip Islam dan oleh kerana itu ia adalah bertentangan dengan Perlembagaan Persekutuan.

Tun Salleh Abbas yang mengetuai koram 5 hakim berpendapat bahawa perkara pertama yang perlu diputuskan di dalam kes ini ialah apakah makna Islam di dalam Perkara 3 (1) ?

Beliau berpendapat bahawa Islam bukanlah setakat satu koleksi dogma dan ritual (religio - how to observe God) , tetapi ia adalah suatu bentuk tatacara hidup yang lengkap.

Kes ini secara ringkasnya memutuskan dengan tegas mengenai makna undang-undang sekular di negara kita.
 

Di dalam mentafsir definisi Undang-Undang Sekular, Hakim-Hakim yang bijaksana di dalam kes ini telah memutuskan di antara lain bahawa ;
  1. Oleh kerana Raja-Raja Melayu mempunyai kedaulatan yang tersendiri di negeri masing-masing, maka dengan memberikan kedaulatan ini kepada Raja-Raja Melayu dan bukannya Tuhan maka kesucian sumber undang-undang langit ini telah terjejas dan oleh yang demikian sebuah institusi sekular (pemisahan sistem gereja dan negara) dengan ini menggantikannya.
  2. Semua undang-undang termasuk peraturan-peraturan yang mengawal pentadbiran Islam perlu dikuatkuasakan melalui Sistem Sekular ini.
  3. Ini mengakibatkan Islam di dalam pengamatan awam hanyalah sebahagian dari kekuasaan dan bergantung kepada kedaulatan Raja-Raja Melayu sahaja.

Ahli-ahli Parlimen di Malaysia mengakui keadaan ini.

Oleh sebab itu, kita dapat saksikan sekarang bagaimana di sebalik laungan bahawa Undang-Undang yang di bawa mereka adalah "Undang-Undang Allah" Dato Seri Haji Hadi masih membawa Rang Undang-Undang beliau untuk bacaan parlimen.

Parlimen pula, dalam menjalankan peranan mereka di dalam sebuah demokrasi jenis Raja Berpelembagaan perlu mendapat keizinan Majlis Raja-Raja terlebih dahulu untuk segala hal yang berkaitan dengan Islam.

Perkara ini termaktub di dalam Perlembagaan Persekutuan di bawah Perkara 3, 8, 11, 12 dan 121 (1A)

Dengan melakukan ini (Dato Seri Hadi masih belum memohon kebenaran Majlis Raja-Raja), kini Dato Seri Haji Hadi secara tidak langsung mengakui bahawa Undang-Undang yang dibawanya untuk kelulusan Parlimen bukanlah Undang-Undang Allah lagi.

Allah tidak memerlukan kebenaran sesiapa untuk melaksanakan Undang-UndangNya.

Alam semesta ini telah wujud selama lebih kurang 13.8 billion tahun dahulu.

Sunnatullah (Undang-Undang Alam termasuk masa) wujud sama tua dengan alam semesta ini.

Ia sama sekali tidak memerlukan kebenaran Majlis Raja-Raja apatah lagi bacaan di mana-mana Parlimen untuk dilaksanakan.

Kesimpulan

Kesemua Undang-Undang yang di amalkan di mana-mana negara di dunia ini adalah hasil dari pemikiran dan pentadibiran rakyatnya sendiri.

Oleh kerana itu, kesemua undang-undang yang wujud di dunia ini adalah suatu bentuk undang-undang sekular menurut definisi yang diputuskan melalui kes Che Omar Che Soh.

Mahu tidak mahu, itulah hakikat yang perlu diterima oleh kita semua.

Oleh yang demikian, sebagai sebuah undang-undang yang terhasil dari pemikiran manusia kita semua perlu membenarkan ianya di debat dan dihujahkan seperti seorang manusia tanpa perlu dilindungi dengan perkataan keramat "ini adalah Undang-Undang Allah".

Dalam waktu yang sama pihak yang menentang RUU 355 perlu memberi peluang kepada pihak yang menyokong untuk membawa RUU ini kepada pembacaan Parlimen.

Ini adalah kerana semua rakyat mempunyai hak bersuara mereka yang tersendiri. Termasuklah mereka yang menyokong RUU 355

Kita perlu mengembalikan semula House of Wisdom, dan memberikan kebebasan berfikir kepada semua rakyat Malaysia untuk dihayati.

Perkara utama yang perlu diingat ialah jangan kita menjadi seorang yang ekstrim di dalam apa-apa hal.

Dahulu kita menjadi ekstrim agama, hampir semuanya tak boleh kerana dikekang agama yang kita praktis.

Kemudian, apabila kita berubah, kini kita miring menjadi ekstrim yang lagi satu. Lalu kita membantah apa sahaja yang di bawa oleh golongan agama.

Jika kita menjadi seorang freedom advocate, kita perlulah membuktikannya dengan memberikan hak yang sama kepada setiap orang tidak kira samada dianya adalah seorang yang beragama, agnostik, theist, atheist, gay, gemuk, kurus, cacat, rakyat biasa, Raja, hamba dan sebagainya.

Ashwed 



6 comments:

  1. Cantik sekali penerangan saudara. Tks..

    ReplyDelete
  2. artikel yang bagus, terima kasih

    ReplyDelete
  3. Please ref to 11 verses from The Cow 2 : 250 - 260;

    250 . When they advanced to meet Goliath and his forces, they prayed: "Our Lord! Pour out constancy on us and make our steps firm: Help us against those that reject faith."
    251 . By Allah's will they routed them; and David slew Goliath; and Allah gave him power and wisdom and taught him whatever (else) He willed.And did not Allah Check one set of people by means of another, the earth would indeed be full of mischief: But Allah is full of bounty to all the worlds..
    252 . These are the Signs of Allah.we rehearse them to thee in truth: verily Thou art one of the apostles.
    253 . Those apostles We endowed with gifts, some above others: To one of them Allah spoke; others He raised to degrees (of honour); to Jesus the son of Mary We gave clear (Signs), and strengthened him with the holy spirit.If Allah had so willed, succeeding generations would not have fought among each other, after clear (Signs) had come to them, but they (chose) to wrangle, some believing and others rejecting.If Allah had so willed, they would not have fought each other; but Allah Fulfilleth His plan.
    254 . O ye who believe! Spend out of (the bounties) We have provided for you, before the Day comes when no bargaining (Will avail), nor friendship nor intercession.Those who reject Faith they are the wrong-doers.
    255 . Allah.There is no god but He,-the Living, the Self-subsisting, Eternal.No slumber can seize Him nor sleep.His are all things in the heavens and on earth.Who is there can intercede in His presence except as He permitteth? He knoweth what (appeareth to His creatures as) before or after or behind them.Nor shall they compass aught of His knowledge except as He willeth.His Throne doth extend over the heavens and the earth, and He feeleth no fatigue in guarding and preserving them for He is the Most High, the Supreme (in glory).
    256 . Let there be no compulsion in religion: Truth stands out clear from Error: whoever rejects evil and believes in Allah hath grasped the most trustworthy hand-hold, that never breaks.And Allah heareth and knoweth all things.
    257 . Allah is the Protector of those who have faith: from the depths of darkness He will lead them forth into light.Of those who reject faith the patrons are the evil ones: from light they will lead them forth into the depths of darkness.They will be companions of the fire, to dwell therein (For ever).
    258 . Hast thou not Turned thy vision to one who disputed with Abraham About his Lord, because Allah had granted him power? Abraham said: "My Lord is He Who Giveth life and death." He said: "I give life and death".Said Abraham: "But it is Allah that causeth the sun to rise from the east: Do thou then cause him to rise from the West." Thus was he confounded who (in arrogance) rejected faith.Nor doth Allah Give guidance to a people unjust.
    259 . Or (take) the similitude of one who passed by a hamlet, all in ruins to its roofs.He said: "Oh! how shall Allah bring it (ever) to life, after (this) its death?" but Allah caused him to die for a hundred years, then raised him up (again).He said: "How long didst thou tarry (thus)?" He said: (Perhaps) a day or part of a day." He said: "Nay, thou hast tarried thus a hundred years; but look at thy food and thy drink; they show no signs of age; and look at thy donkey: And that We may make of thee a sign unto the people, Look further at the bones, how We bring them together and clothe them with flesh." When this was shown clearly to him, he said: "I know that Allah hath power over all things."
    260 . Behold! Abraham said: "My Lord! Show me how Thou givest life to the dead." He said: "Dost thou not then believe?" He said: "Yea! but to satisfy My own undertaking." He said: "Take four birds; Tame them to turn to thee; put a portion of them on every hill and call to them: They will come to thee (Flying) with speed.Then know that Allah is Exalted in Power, Wise."

    Peace!

    ReplyDelete
  4. Continue to Vol.48 Al Fath/Victory 29-verses;

    1 . Verily We have granted thee a manifest Victory:
    2 . That Allah may forgive thee thy faults of the past and those to follow; fulfil His favour to thee; and guide thee on the Straight Way;
    3 . And that Allah may help thee with powerful help.
    4 . It is He Who sent down tranquillity into the hearts of the Believers, that they may add faith to their faith;- for to Allah belong the Forces of the heavens and the earth; and Allah is Full of Knowledge and Wisdom;-
    5 . That He may admit the men and women who believe, to Gardens beneath which rivers flow, to dwell therein for aye, and remove their ills from them;- and that is, in the sight of Allah, the highest achievement (for man),-
    6 . And that He may punish the Hypocrites, men and women, and the Polytheists men and women, who imagine an evil opinion of Allah. On them is a round of Evil: the Wrath of Allah is on them: He has cursed them and got Hell ready for them: and evil is it for a destination.
    7 . For to Allah belong the Forces of the heavens and the earth; and Allah is Exalted in Power, Full of Wisdom.
    8 . We have truly sent thee as a witness, as a bringer of Glad Tidings, and as a Warner:
    9 . In order that ye (O men) may believe in Allah and His Messenger, that ye may assist and honour Him, and celebrate His praise morning and evening.
    10 . Verily those who plight their fealty to thee do no less than plight their fealty to Allah. the Hand of Allah is over their hands: then any one who violates his oath, does so to the harm of his own soul, and any one who fulfils what he has covenanted with Allah,- Allah will soon grant him a great Reward.
    11 . The desert Arabs who lagged behind will say to thee: "We were engaged in (looking after) our flocks and herds, and our families: do thou then ask forgiveness for us." They say with their tongues what is not in their hearts. Say: "Who then has any power at all (to intervene) on your behalf with Allah, if His Will is to give you some loss or to give you some profit? But Allah is well acquainted with all that ye do.
    12 . "Nay, ye thought that the Messenger and the Believers would never return to their families; this seemed pleasing in your hearts, and ye conceived an evil thought, for ye are a people lost (in wickedness)."
    13 . And if any believe not in Allah and His Messenger, We have prepared, for those who reject Allah, a Blazing Fire!
    14 . To Allah belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth: He forgives whom He wills, and He punishes whom He wills: but Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.
    15 . Those who lagged behind (will say), when ye (are free to) march and take booty (in war): "Permit us to follow you." They wish to change Allah's decree: Say: "Not thus will ye follow us: Allah has already declared (this) beforehand": then they will say, "But ye are jealous of us." Nay, but little do they understand (such things).

    cont,

    ReplyDelete
  5. 16 . Say to the desert Arabs who lagged behind: "Ye shall be summoned (to fight) against a people given to vehement war: then shall ye fight, or they shall submit. Then if ye show obedience, Allah will grant you a goodly reward, but if ye turn back as ye did before, He will punish you with a grievous Penalty."
    17 . No blame is there on the blind, nor is there blame on the lame, nor on one ill (if he joins not the war): But he that obeys Allah and his Messenger,- ((Allah)) will admit him to Gardens beneath which rivers flow; and he who turns back, ((Allah)) will punish him with a grievous Penalty.
    18 . Allah's Good Pleasure was on the Believers when they swore Fealty to thee under the Tree: He knew what was in their hearts, and He sent down Tranquillity to them; and He rewarded them with a speedy Victory;
    19 . And many gains will they acquire (besides): and Allah is Exalted in Power, Full of Wisdom.
    20 . Allah has promised you many gains that ye shall acquire, and He has given you these beforehand; and He has restrained the hands of men from you; that it may be a Sign for the Believers, and that He may guide you to a Straight Path;
    21 . And other gains (there are), which are not within your power, but which Allah has compassed: and Allah has power over all things.
    22 . If the Unbelievers should fight you, they would certainly turn their backs; then would they find neither protector nor helper.
    23 . (Such has been) the practice (approved) of Allah already in the past: no change wilt thou find in the practice (approved) of Allah.
    24 . And it is He Who has restrained their hands from you and your hands from them in the midst of Makka, after that He gave you the victory over them. And Allah sees well all that ye do.
    25 . They are the ones who denied Revelation and hindered you from the Sacred Mosque and the sacrificial animals, detained from reaching their place of sacrifice. Had there not been believing men and believing women whom ye did not know that ye were trampling down and on whose account a crime would have accrued to you without (your) knowledge, ((Allah) would have allowed you to force your way, but He held back your hands) that He may admit to His Mercy whom He will. If they had been apart, We should certainly have punished the Unbelievers among them with a grievous Punishment.
    26 . While the Unbelievers got up in their hearts heat and cant - the heat and cant of ignorance,- Allah sent down His Tranquillity to his Messenger and to the Believers, and made them stick close to the command of self-restraint; and well were they entitled to it and worthy of it. And Allah has full knowledge of all things.
    27 . Truly did Allah fulfil the vision for His Messenger. ye shall enter the Sacred Mosque, if Allah wills, with minds secure, heads shaved, hair cut short, and without fear. For He knew what ye knew not, and He granted, besides this, a speedy victory.
    28 . It is He Who has sent His Messenger with Guidance and the Religion of Truth, to proclaim it over all religion: and enough is Allah for a Witness.
    29 . Muhammad is the apostle of Allah. and those who are with him are strong against Unbelievers, (but) compassionate amongst each other. Thou wilt see them bow and prostrate themselves (in prayer), seeking Grace from Allah and (His) Good Pleasure. On their faces are their marks, (being) the traces of their prostration. This is their similitude in the Taurat; and their similitude in the Gospel is: like a seed which sends forth its blade, then makes it strong; it then becomes thick, and it stands on its own stem, (filling) the sowers with wonder and delight. As a result, it fills the Unbelievers with rage at them. Allah has promised those among them who believe and do righteous deeds forgiveness, and a great Reward.

    Peace!.

    ReplyDelete
  6. salam,

    bagus penerangan tuan ashwed tentang ruu355 ini.

    lengkap dan mudah difahami.

    terima kasih

    ReplyDelete